List And Brief History of the German States, Grand Duchies, Principalities, etc before 1806......Page H. Remmick-Hubert Site
Last Updated: 27 April 2004
List And Brief History of the German States, Grand Duchies, Principalities, etc before 1806 continued......
Haag
im Oberbayern. Presently in Kreis Wasserburg am Inn, Oberbayer
(Upper Bavaria). In 1567 it's vote in the Reichstag was cancelled when
the Herrschaft was absorbed by Bavaria and, therefore, became part of the
Free Herrschaft.
Hachenburg. Presently in Oberwesterwaldkreis,
Rheinland-Pfalz. See Westfaelische Grafenkolleg. See
Sayn-Hachenburg.
Hagenau. Presently in Departement Bas-Rhin, France.
Before it became French territory in 1648 it was part of the Reichsstadt
and Landvogtei which were: Kaiserberg, Colmar, Schlettstadt, Weissenburg
in Elsass (Alsace), Oberehnheim (Obernal), Rosheim, Landau, Tuerkheim, Muenster
in St. Gregoriental Territory....
Halberstadt. Presently in Bezirk Magdeburg,
Sachsen-Anhalt. Was represented by the Tuetonic Knights (Deutschorden)....
1648 was Secular and its vote in the Reichstag was given by the
Brandenburg family. Was part of the Catholic corpus at the Peace
of Westphalia. Was in the German Democratic
Republic.
Hallermund (Hallermuende). Since 1706 was represented
by the Counts of Platen-Hallermund who were Lutheran and
Catholic.
Hamburg. Presently part of Freie und Hansestadt Hamburg
[Land of Hamburg]. Founded in the 9th C. and developed during
the Middle Ages into an important commercial and ecclesiastical port
town... Was a free Hanseatic City and has maintained its freedom under
local aristocracy. In 1618 the Reichskammergerlich decreased the city's
status and did not gain a vote in the Reichstag until 1770. Was part of the
Protestant corpus at the Peace of Westphalia. In 1842 it was nearly
destroyed by a great fire and it was Solomen Hein whose money rebuilt the
city, however, he's best known today in history for being the brother
of the famous poet
Heinrich
Heine .... Destruction occured, again, only this time
by bombs between 1943 - 45. Many buildings were restored... in
1962 terrible tides from a storm caused havoc and restoration
began...again...
Hanau-Lichtenberg. Presently in Hessen. It was
represented by the senior line, the Lichtenbergs] of the Brabant
Dynasty. Family became Lutheran. In 1736 the treaty of inheritance
gave the properties to Hessen-Kassel. The Reichstag vote was cancelled
in 1736. The estates connected to the Hanau-Lichtenberg families are:
(1) Babenhausen and (2) Bornheim. See
Hanau-Muenzenberg.
Hanau-Muenzenberg. Presently in Hessen. See the
Hanau-Lichtenberg family. Merged with Hessen-Kassel in 1736.
Formerly a Grafschaft.
Hanover (Hannover, or Kur-Braunschweig). Presently
in Niedersachen (Lower Saxony). Rose out of the Dark Ages as a market
settlement. It was recorded in 1150 as vicus Hanover. Received
its charter from Henry the Lion. The House of Guelf sold its
rights to the Calenberg [Kalenberg] family in 1495. 1632
Kur-Braunschweig (Duchy of Braunschweig - Wolfenbuettel) . became
Kur-Hanover and achieved electoral status.... It wasn't until 1636 that a
member of this family, Duke Georg von Calenberg, took up residence in Hanover.
Was a member of the Protestant corpus at the Peace of Westphalia. By
personal union Hanover became joined from 1714 to 1837 to England for several
reasons. Through family sucessions and its agreement in the emigrants
to the American colonies.... In 1774 the Elector
of Hanover, George Ludwig, became Georg I King of England ...
Hanover remained seperate from England, although, it was part of Georg I's
domain. Prussia occupied it in 1801 and 1805. Napoleon occupied
it from 1806 to 1806 then from just its southern part in 1807 to 1813
... Was part of the Kingdom of Westphalia from 1810 to 1813 when it
was liberated and became "a kingdom enlarged by merger " with: Osnabrueck,
Emsland, Ostfriesland, Hildesheim, Goslar and Unterriechfeld. In 1814 George
III of England became King of Hanover. 1837 when Victoria became Queen
of England, she could not continue her line as ruler over Hanover because
Hanover could only be ruled by a male heir. The crown passed to Victoria's
uncle Ernst Augustus, Duke of Comberland, who joined with Austria in 1866
and lost Hanover later that year to Prussia. In 1922 Grafschaft Pyrmont
and Schaumburg were added while Kreis Ilfeld was transferred to
Saxony.
Hardeck. Presently in Austria. Was formerly
a Grafschaft.
Harrach, Counts of (von). Family owned Herrschaft
Ruhrau in Lower Austria. Was a member of the Schwaebische Grafenkolleg.
The family von Harrach held a branch who were Catholic and a branch
who were Lutheran
Hartenburg. See Wetterauische Grafenkolleg. See
Leiningen-Hartenburg family.
Havelberg. Presently in Brandenburg Land.
Area was bishopric but changed to Protestant in 1561 and was
absorbed by Brandenburgs in 1781 and is the northwest corner of
Potsdam.. Was in the German Democratic Republic and part of the ..Bezirk
Magdeburg
Heben
(Hohenhesen). Presently in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Near Engen
which is northwest of Lake Constance. Reichstag vote was cancelled
in 1570. Area was held by Austria (Hapsburgs) until 1805. Was
given to Wuertemberg, who moved into Napoleon's camp until 1810 when
it became part of Baden. Baden and Wuerttemberg were
combined.
Hegau. See Heben or Hohenhewen. St. Georgenschild
im Hegau.
Heggbach. Presently within the town of Maselheim,
Kreis Biberach, Baden-Wuerttemberg. Began as a woman's religious abbey.
The religious estate held five villages. The Abbot of Salem held
the secularized vote to the year 1803, after which it was administered by
th Counts von Waldbott-Bassenheim until
1873....
Heideck. Presently in Kreis Hilpoltstein, Mittelfranken,
Bayern (Bavaria). Formerly a Herrschaft. The area had been Bavarian
after 1471, After 1505 was administered by the Pfalz-Neuburg branch
of the Wittelsbach Dynasty.
Heidesheim. See Leiningen-Heidesheim Family . See
Wetterausiche Grafenkolleg.
Heilbronn. Presently in Baden-Wuerttemberg. Name
tells us the early village was built around a "sacred spring"
and developed into an imporant trading town by the Necker River and became
the most important industrial and commerical town of the Lower Swabia....
Was part of the Reichsstadt. Represented by Esslingen in the Protestant corpus
at the Peace of Westphalia.
Heiligenberg. Presently in Baden-Wuerttemberg.
Formerly in the Reichsstadt. Member of the Schwaebische Grafenkolleg
and was represented by the Princes zu Fuerstenberg after 1534. Family
was Catholic. In 1806 the area merged with Baden.
Heinsberg. See Juelich and
Berg.....
Helfenstein. Presently in Baden-Wuerttemberg and found
near Geislingen an der Steige. Formerly a Grafschaft. Member of the
Schwaebische Grafenkolleg. Part of the Reichstag and it's vote was
controlled by Bavaria.
Henneberg. Presently in Thuringa and found near
Meiningen. Formerly gefuerstete [princely] Grafschaft under the
Hennebergs. Became part of Hessen Kassel (Herrschaft Schmalkaden)
and was represented by Sachsen-Altenburg-Koenigsegg
[Trenck]
in name of Saxony in the Protestant corpus at the Peace of Westpahlia.
From 1680 to 1920 the territory for the most part was in the Duchy
of Sachsen-Meiningen. In 1851 the Kursachsiche (Electoral Saxon) part
became Prussian (Hohenzollern) but not the Hessen part which in 1866
did become Prussian
http://www.remmick.org/Hohenzollern.Royal/Page7.html Herford.
Presently in Nordrhein-Westfalen. Formerly a
Reichsstadt. Area grew around the women's religious abbey founded by
a Saxon nobleman for his daughters in 789. Near the town is the church
of St. Dionysisu which holds the sarcophaus of the Saxon Duke Wittekind (c.
1100). Emp. Ludwig, the Pious, gave it the status of Imperial City
in 1170. The new town (Neustadt) was founded in 1220... In 1342 the
town became part of the Hanse. In 1547 Juelich took control
of the area. In 1631 it's status in the Reichsstadt was reaffirmed. The
Brandenburgs invaded the area and it remained in their
domain. In 1816 became the town of a Kreis
(district).
Herrenald. Presently in the Kreis Calw,
Baden-Wuerttemberg. Formerly a prelate nullius. The area once
held 40 villages and was secularized by Wuerttemberg in
1535.
Hersfeld. Presently in Hessen. Was formerly
a prelate nullius. Area grew around the Abbey of Hersfeld which was
represented by the Teutonic Knights (Deutschorden) in the Catholic corpus
at the Peace of Westphalia. Secularized in 1606-1648 and came under
the principality of Hessen-Kassel.
Hessen (Hesse). Presently a state within Germany.
Formerly a principality and prelate nullius, a landgraviate and a
Grafschaft. At the death of Henry Raspe, des. of Louis With The Beard
[Ludwig mitt dem Bart] of Thuringia, his lands were divided among his
four sons and so his lands became known as Hessen-Marburg, Hessen-Rheinfelds,
Hessen-Cassel [-Kassel]and Hessen-Darmstadt. The first two did not continue
for long. The two lines that continued were: (1)Hessen-Kassel
(the senior line was Lutheran who became part of the Reformed
Church in 1604) and (2) Hessen-Darmstadt (followed Martin
Luther's doctrines and remained Lutheran). Both were members of the
Protestant corpus at the Peace of Westphalia (1648). The Hessian mercenary
troops are best known in the USA because some 20,000 were hired by England
from Langrave Frederick II of Hesse-Kassel and fought in the Americans
in the War of Independence.. Frederick II's counsellor was David
Hein. In 1803 Napoleon gave Langrave Wilhelm the title of Elector....
Hessen-Darmstadt diminished and all that continued was the Landgraviate
of Hessen-Homberg... Hessen-Homberg married well..and joined Napoleon. .
Louis X became Grand Duke of Hesse and the Rhine in 1813..... In 1866
Hesse-Kassel fought with Austria, defeated and the domain was added to the
Hohenzollern lands of Prussia. Hesse-Darmstadt continued until
1866 when it, too, was defeated by the Hohenzollerns, however, it was
given independence because of its close ties to the royal family..... but
continued under Prussian protection....
Interesting notes: Prince Alexander m. Countess Julia von Hauke who was created Princess of Battenberg in 1858.... the members of the family who remained in England changed their name to Mountbatten in 1917... 1918 the Grand-Duchy of Hesse was taken into the Republic of Germany... The titles became Queen Elisabeth of England's husband's,. Prince Philip of Greece and Dennmark of the House of Schleswig-Holstein. His Hessen connection is through his maternal side. Minor and Major titles, also, connected to Hessen are: Counts of Nidda, Baron of Dornberg, Baron of Lichtengerg, Landgraves of Hesse-Rheinfels Rotenburg, Langraves of Hesse-Philippstal-Barchfeld, Princes of Hanau, Counts of Hohnstein..... Dukes of Brabant.... Dukes of Lorraine .... Dukes of Austria [House of Hapsburg] after Duke of Lorraine m. Maria Theresa ....in 1736.... It is often said that the tapestry of Hesse weaves into its family genealogy all the royal houses of Europe.
Hessen-Darmstadt. Presently part of Hessen. See
its history above in Hessen.... The des. of Louis With The Beard, Count of
Thuringia, Henry of Brabant (d. 1308), the first Landgrave of Hesse,
divided his land into Upper Hesse (Marburg area) and Lower Hesse (Cassel
Area) and gave them to his sons Otto and John. The cousins constantly
were in conflict..... The area of Hanau-Lichtenberg was lost in 1736.
In 1830 it gained territories east of the Rhine. They were Kurmainz
and Kurpflaz. They also gained the Kurkoelnische Duchy of Westphalia
(Brilon and Arnsberg) and Reichestadt Friedberg. Perhaps best known was Ernest
Louis who built a marvelous palace at Darmstadt and tried to collect all
the art work of the world that was to match the glories of Versailles.
During the time of Napoleon, Louis V supported Napoleon
and became Grand Duke of Hesse[n]..... 1805 they gained Grafschaft
Erbach and some baronial territories (Reichsritterschaft-liche). Congress
of Vienna came them farther title , Grand Duke of Hesse[n] and the Rhine
in 1813... In 1815 Westphalia was exchanged with Prussia for the
principality of Isenberg-Birstein (Offenbach), Worms, Alzey and Bingen. In
1816 Hessen-Darmstadt fought with Austria but was defeated by Prussia who
gave Hessen-Darmstadt indepence while under Prussia's protection. She
also gained Mainz but Hessen-Homburg, Kreis Biedenkopf and Kreis
Voehl were lost to Prussia.
Hessen-Kassel (Cassel). See history of Hessen. From
time to time, the territory was divided into cadet branches. There
was Hessen-Philippstal (after 1685) whose area held the Abbey of Hersfeld
and Hessen-Rotenburg-Rheinfels (1627-1834). It was Frederick II of
Hesse-Kassel (senior line) and his 20,000 Hessian mercenaries who fought
in the American Revolution who is best known here in the USA. In 1807 merged
with the kingdom of Westphalia.... 1813-1815 Hesssen was re-established ......
1866 Hessen-Kassel was annexed to Prussia....At the death of Frederick Wilhlem
I the area passed to his cousin but the defeat of Germany [WWI] ended their
rule....
Hessen-Nassau. Presently in the state of Hessen. It
did not exist and held no history before 1866. It was a Prussian Province
from 1868 to 1944 which had been annexed by Prussia in 1866 and became the
Duchy of Nassau... It held Hessen-Homburg territory, districts of former
Bavarian Bezirke Gersfeld and Orb, districts of Biedenkopf and Vohy (previously
in Hessen-Darmstadt) as well as the city of Frankfurt on the Main. In
1929 was added Kreis Rinteln (Grafschaft Schaumburg) and merged with Hannover.
Hildesheim. Presently in Niedersachsen (Lower Sazony).
By 1519 to 1523 most of the lands of the diocese, founded around the
cathedral built abt 1815 by Louis , The Pious, was taken by
Braunschweig-Lueneberg . Represented by Kurkoeln in the Catholic
corpus at the Peace of Westphailia (1648). Parts of the area were
secularized in 1802. The areas that had been taken by Prussia
(Hohenzollern) from 1802 to 1807 became part of the Kingdom
of Westphalia from 1807 to 1813 under Napoleon. It merged with Hanover. In
1866 it was returned to Prussia....
Hoch
und Deutschmeister (The Teutonic Order
of Knights). Formerly a prelate nullius with lands scattered
throughout the German states, Burgundy and Italy. It was represented in the
Catholic corpus at the Peace of Westphalia.
History: Teutonic Knights of the German Order of the Hospital of St. Mary in Jerusalem was founded in 1190-91 in Acre (Akko)... German military religious order was founded in Palestine in the Holy Land and modeled on those of the Templars and Hospitaliers When they returned to Europe, they conquered western Slavic lands, areas later known as East Prussia and in the Baltic areas.... The Teutonic Knights of the German Order of the hospital of St. Mary rose to prominence when they undertook the conquest of the pagan Prussia in 1226...They were united by the Livonian Knights from 1237-1525 and took the territories of Prussia, Eastern Pomerania and area around Danzig.... First seat was in Marienburg which was replaced in Koenigsberg, Prussia in 1466.
Grand Masters of the Teutonic Order after 1195 to 1525:
By 1530 the order established its central administration at Mergentheim (Bad Mergentheim) which is presently in Baden-Wuerttemberg. They divided their lands into twelve regions known as Balleien. They were as follows:
These areas were further divided into districts (Komtureien) which had a number of local offices (Amtern).
In 1809 Napoleon defeated the German states and suppressed the Knights Order and their estates were taken and given to various Lords of his choice. After Napoleon's defeat, the order did not re-establish until 1834 in Austria. It was suppressed under Hitler.
In 1945 the Teutonic Order was set up to be an organization whose purpose is to raise money for charitable purposes in Austria.
There are records that show it's members......
Hohennems. Presently in Bezirk Feldkirch, Vorarlberg
in Austria (1617 to present). It was formerly a Grafschaft.
Was a member of the Schwaebische Grafenkollege.
Hohenfels and Reipoltskirchen (Kolkofen). Presently
in Kreis Sigmaringen, Baden-Wuerttemberg. Formerly a Herrschaft.
Vote was called in 1602. Was property of the Teutonic Knights
(Deutschorden) to 1809....
Hohengeroldseck and Kronberg. Presently in Kreis Lahr,
Baden-Wuerttemberg. Fomerly a Herrschaft. Estates connected were Lahr
and Mahlberg. Was member of the Schwebische Grafenkolleg.
It was represented by the Counts von der Leyen after 1692. They
were Catholic. Half of the estate was bought by Counts von Veldenz
and inherited by the Counts von Moers-Saarwerden. In 1819
the Herrschaft was sold to Baden.
Hohenhewen (Hoehn-Howewen) See Heben.
Hohenlohe, Princes and Count of (von) .
Belonged to the Wolfstein family and represnted by their
heirs in the Franconian Grafenkolleg. There are two mains lines of
this dynast: (1) Hohenlohe-Neunstein which is Protestant and
(2) Hohenlohe-Waldenburg which is Catholic. Other branches include:
Langenburg, Ohringen, Ingelfingen, Bartenstein, Jagstberg,
Waldenburg-Schillingsfuerst and Schillingsfuerst (the Dukes of Ratbor
and Corvey). Most of the lands of this dynasty were found in
Wuerttemberg and a few in Bavaria. The Ratibor branch was prominent
in Silesia.
Hohenstein. There were two. One presently in
Kreis Hersbruck, Mittelfranken, Bayern (Bavaria). Formerly a Grafscaft.
In 1563 the Reichstag vote was cancelled. It's administration
was under Nuernberg. The other is presently in Landkreis Nordhaussen,
Bezirk, Erfurt , Thurgina which had been in the Democratic Republic. They
had belonged to the Teutonic Knights (Deutschorden).
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